splatter-tennis/render.js

// Camera, viewport, sprites and all drawing. Owns the crowd dots (visual-only state).

import { cv, ctx } from './dom.js';
import { TUNE, UI, EATEN_BURST, EATEN_SUMMARY, EATEN_RESTART, COURT, PLAYER_H, BOY_H, UMP_H, UMP_X, MACH_H, BOSS_ART, BOUNCE_IDLE, SPRITE_H } from './config.js';
import { P, O, ball, score, crowd, G } from './state.js';
import { predictLanding, flickTarget } from './gameplay.js';
import { zombies, gore, piles, parts, pellets, extras, shots } from './zombies.js';

// ---------------------------------------------------------------- palette ----
// tennis palette -> drained splatter palette; the transition lerps between them
const PAL = {
  tennis:   { stands: '#232e42', tierA: '#2a3750', tierB: '#26324a', board: '#0e5c2e',
              out: '#295c2d', lawn: '#4cae52', stripe: '#46a54c' },
  splatter: { stands: '#181426', tierA: '#201a33', tierB: '#1c172e', board: '#3a1212',
              out: '#20331c', lawn: '#5e7747', stripe: '#576f42' },
};
const hexLerp = (a, b, t) => {
  const c = h => [parseInt(h.slice(1, 3), 16), parseInt(h.slice(3, 5), 16), parseInt(h.slice(5, 7), 16)];
  const [ar, ag, ab] = c(a), [br, bg, bb] = c(b);
  return `rgb(${Math.round(ar + (br - ar) * t)},${Math.round(ag + (bg - ag) * t)},${Math.round(ab + (bb - ab) * t)})`;
};
// how far into the rot we are, 0 (tennis) .. 1 (splatter) — duels lerp it back home
function paletteT() {
  return G.mode === 'tennis' ? 0 : G.mode === 'splatter' ? 1 - G.duelLerp : Math.min(1, G.transT / 6);
}
function palette() {
  const t = paletteT();
  if (t === 0) return PAL.tennis;
  if (t === 1) return PAL.splatter;
  const m = {};
  for (const k in PAL.tennis) m[k] = hexLerp(PAL.tennis[k], PAL.splatter[k], t);
  return m;
}

// Every string on the canvas goes through this. Bare `monospace` resolves to Courier — a slab
// SERIF — which is what made the HUD look generic; Silkscreen is the bundled pixel face.
const F = (sz, b = 1) => `${b ? 700 : 400} ${sz}px Silkscreen, monospace`;
const hexA = (h, a) => `rgba(${parseInt(h.slice(1, 3), 16)},${parseInt(h.slice(3, 5), 16)},${parseInt(h.slice(5, 7), 16)},${a})`;

// ---------------------------------------------------------------- camera ----
const IS_TOUCH = matchMedia('(pointer: coarse)').matches; // hoisted: a matchMedia call per frame churns GC
// Physical pixels per logical pixel. On an iPhone the canvas ends up ~390 CSS px wide = 1170 DEVICE
// px, so RES 3 (810) was still being upscaled 1.44x by the browser. 4 gets us to 1080, near 1:1.
// THIS IS THE FIRST KNOB TO TURN DOWN if the phone ever stutters: it is the whole fill-rate budget.
export const RES = 4;
export let W = 480, H = 270;

// Split responsibility, and the split is deliberate:
//   TOP    — index.html insets the canvas element below the status bar. SAFE.top stays 0; adding an
//            offset here as well would subtract the notch twice.
//   BOTTOM — the canvas deliberately runs to the PHYSICAL bottom edge so the court art fills the
//            screen (the home indicator is a slim bar, not opaque UI). Only the interactive RACK is
//            lifted clear of it, by SAFE.bottom below.
export const SAFE = { top: 0, bottom: 0, topCss: 0 };
function measureSafe(scale) {
  const el = document.getElementById('safe');
  if (!el) return;
  const cs = getComputedStyle(el);
  SAFE.bottom = Math.round((parseFloat(cs.paddingBottom) || 0) / scale);
  SAFE.topCss = Math.round(parseFloat(cs.paddingTop) || 0); // CSS px — for the page background below
}

// The page background behind the canvas. It shows in exactly two places: the strip above the canvas
// under the status bar, and the slivers a phone's ROUNDED DISPLAY CORNERS clip out of the canvas
// itself. A flat dark body therefore drew a visible dark notch where the bottom corners curve in.
// So: dark down to the top inset, then the LIVE out-area colour for the rest — live because `pal.out`
// lerps between the tennis and splatter palettes, so any fixed hex would only match in one mode.
// Written in resolved px (not env()) so the declaration can never be invalid and drop the background.
let bgLast = '';
function pageBackground(out) {
  const t = SAFE.topCss;
  const css = `linear-gradient(#10141c 0px, #10141c ${t}px, ${out} ${t}px, ${out} 100%)`;
  if (css === bgLast) return;                 // only touch the DOM when it actually changed
  bgLast = css;
  // documentElement, NOT body: the ROOT element's background is what paints the viewport canvas.
  // index.html gives html a background, so body's never propagates — setting it there painted only
  // body's own box, which has no height (the canvas is position: fixed) and so painted nothing.
  document.documentElement.style.background = css;
}

// The CSS box is only a PROPOSAL. Added to the homescreen, iOS resolves 100dvh once at launch against
// a provisional viewport and never re-resolves it — no resize, no layout change, so nothing (not even
// a ResizeObserver) fires and the canvas stays a strip short of the bottom until you rotate the phone
// and back. visualViewport is the authority on what is actually visible, so measure that and pin the
// height ourselves. Re-read on every fit, so a late safe-area inset or a rotation just re-pins it.
function fitBox() {
  const el = document.getElementById('safe');
  const top = el ? parseFloat(getComputedStyle(el).paddingTop) || 0 : 0; // the inset the canvas starts below
  const want = Math.round((window.visualViewport?.height || innerHeight) - top);
  if (want > 120 && Math.abs(cv.clientHeight - want) > 1) cv.style.height = want + 'px'; // sane, and only when it differs
}

export function fitViewport() { // landscape 480x270; portrait 270 wide and as TALL as the phone is
  fitBox();
  const portrait = (cv.clientHeight || innerHeight) > (cv.clientWidth || innerWidth);
  // Portrait height ADAPTS to the device. A fixed 270x480 is 9:16, but a modern iPhone is taller
  // (~390x844 = 0.46), so width bound the fit and ~150 CSS px of screen went unused at the bottom.
  // The court is positioned by proj() off TUNE.horizon in ABSOLUTE logical px, and the rack/meter hang
  // off `H - ...`, so extra height simply widens the apron between the court and the rack — nothing
  // has to be re-laid-out. Clamped so a freak aspect can't stretch the apron absurdly.
  // Derive the logical size from the box CSS actually gave the canvas, not from innerWidth/innerHeight.
  // The canvas is stretched to 100vw x 100dvh, so matching its logical aspect to that box exactly is
  // what guarantees no letterbox and no distortion, however the phone's toolbars behave.
  const bw = cv.clientWidth || innerWidth, bh = cv.clientHeight || innerHeight;
  const base = portrait ? 270 : 480;
  const other = Math.round(base * (portrait ? bh / Math.max(1, bw) : bh / Math.max(1, bw)));
  const [w, h] = portrait ? [base, Math.max(430, Math.min(680, other))] : [base, Math.max(230, Math.min(340, other))];
  if (cv.width !== w * RES || cv.height !== h * RES) {
    W = w; H = h;
    cv.width = w * RES; cv.height = h * RES;
    // flatter lens: camZ pushed back (config 42, was 36) with camF scaled to keep the PLAYER
    // the same size — far-court zombies render ~25% bigger and actually read as zombies
    // READABILITY PASS. Oliver's wife: "everything is a tad too small" — a far shambler on an iPhone
    // was 26 logical px tall with almost no legible detail. Pushing the camera BACK (camZ) while
    // lengthening the lens (camF) flattens the perspective, so distant bodies grow relative to near
    // ones instead of everything just zooming. camY is raised with it for a steeper look-down (bodies
    // overlap each other less at depth) and `horizon` re-centres the court after both.
    // Net: far shambler 26 -> 30 logical px, the player unchanged, the court occupying the same band.
    // If you retune these, check all four: far size, near size, court top, court bottom.
    TUNE.camZ = portrait ? 48 : 42;
    TUNE.camY = portrait ? 11 : 9;
    TUNE.camF = portrait ? 760 : 406;
    // horizon RIDES the adaptive height. proj() places the court in ABSOLUTE logical px off this, so
    // leaving it fixed while h grew just dumped every extra pixel into a dead green apron between the
    // court and the rack. 0.72 of the extra height goes to pushing the court down (the rest becomes
    // more stand above it), which keeps the apron about where it was at the old fixed 480.
    TUNE.horizon = portrait ? Math.round(45 + (h - 480) * 0.72) : 40;
    buildCrowd();
  }
  ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = false; // resets on canvas resize
  // CSS owns the on-screen size and the TOP inset; we match the logical grid and measure the bottom
  // inset in logical px so the rack can lift clear of the home indicator.
  measureSafe((cv.clientWidth || innerWidth) / w);
}
// Every signal that the visible area may have changed, plus a short settle salvo — because the case
// that broke it (a homescreen launch) fires NO signal at all: the viewport iOS hands you at launch is
// simply wrong and is never corrected. fitViewport is idempotent (fitBox no-ops within 1px, and the
// logical size early-outs unless it really changed), so re-running it costs nothing.
addEventListener('resize', fitViewport);
addEventListener('orientationchange', fitViewport);
addEventListener('pageshow', fitViewport);                       // the app was resumed from the bfcache
window.visualViewport?.addEventListener('resize', fitViewport);  // the one iOS does fire when the bars move
new ResizeObserver(fitViewport).observe(cv);                     // the box moved, whatever moved it
for (const ms of [0, 120, 400, 1200]) setTimeout(fitViewport, ms); // ...and the launch that says nothing

// The aim camera: while the slingshot is drawn the view rises and leans back a little, which
// steepens the look down the court. That extra depth is what makes a shambler standing right
// behind the net a shot you can actually judge. Eased once per frame in render(), never mid-frame
// — every proj() call within one frame must share the same camera or the scene shears.
let aimCam = 0;
export function proj(x, y, z) {
  const d = TUNE.camZ + aimCam * TUNE.aimCamZ - z, s = TUNE.camF / d;
  return { x: W / 2 + x * s, y: TUNE.horizon + (TUNE.camY + aimCam * TUNE.aimCamY - y) * s, s };
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------- sprites ----
// assets/<name>.png; game falls back to code-drawn figures until sprites load.
const SPRV = 51; // asset cache-buster — bump with main.js?v=N (see the img.src note below)
const SPR = {};
for (const n of ['p_idle1','p_idle2','p_bounce','p_bounce2','p_toss','p_smash','p_run1','p_run2','p_swing1','p_swing2',
                 'o_idle1','o_idle2','o_bounce','o_bounce2','o_toss','o_smash','o_run1','o_run2','o_swing1','o_swing2',
                 'x_ump','x_boyrun1','x_boyrun2','x_boyrun3','x_boyrun4','x_crowd','x_crowd2','x_ads',
                 'x_boymop1','x_boymop2','x_boymop3','x_boymop4', // the push cycle, used only while he is stopped and working
                 'x_boycarry1','x_boycarry2','x_boycarry3','x_boycarry4','x_howto','x_cross', // walking with the mop shouldered, and the slingshot tutorial panel
                 'z_gw2','z_gw3','z_gw4','z_gwb','z_gw2b','z_gw3b','z_gw4b', // the brute comes apart in stages (4/5 hp = z_gw .. 1/5 = z_gw4), each with a 2-frame lurch (…b)
                 'z_boss1','z_boss2','z_bossw1','z_bossw2','z_bossw3', // the CHAPTER BOSS: 2-frame stride + three wound stages (arm off -> ribs out -> headless)
                 'z_bosst0','z_bosst1','z_bosst2','z_bosst3', // ...and each of those four states mid-THROW (windT)
                 'z_mach1','z_mach2', // the ball machine: idle, and firing with a muzzle flash
                 'z_judge1','z_judge2','z_judgew','z_judget','z_judgewt',   // boss design 2 (chapter 2, 5, ...)
                 'z_chair1','z_chair2','z_chairw','z_chairt','z_chairwt',   // boss design 3 (chapter 3, 6, ...)
                 'z_a1','z_a2','z_a3','z_a4','z_b1','z_b2','z_b3','z_b4','z_c1','z_c2',
                 'z_d1','z_d2','z_d3','z_d4', // the steward: bigger body, hi-vis vest, 4-frame walk
                 'z_f1','z_f2','z_f3','z_f4','z_g1','z_g2','z_gw','z_s1','z_s2','z_s3',
                 'z_cw1','z_cw2','z_aw','z_bw', // wounded skins for multi-hit enemies (racket boss, brute, and now the classic shamblers)
                 'w_ball','w_bomb','w_triple','w_fire','w_gun', // weapon-rack icons
                 'scoreboard']) {
  const img = new Image();
  img.onload = () => SPR[n] = img;
  // ?v=SPRV, for the same reason index.html versions main.js. python http.server sends no cache
  // headers, so the browser caches sprite responses heuristically — INCLUDING 404s. A brand-new sheet
  // whose name was added to this list before the PNG existed stays permanently "missing" for that
  // browser, and drawZombie silently falls back to another design. That cost a debugging round.
  // BUMP THIS whenever assets/ changes, alongside main.js?v=N in index.html.
  img.src = 'assets/' + n + '.png?v=' + SPRV;
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ crowd ----
export function buildCrowd() {
  crowd.dots.length = 0;
  const rows = Math.floor((proj(0, 0, 0).y - 26) / 5.5), cols = Math.ceil(W / 8);
  for (let row = 0; row < rows; row++) for (let i = 0; i < cols; i++) crowd.dots.push({
    x: 4 + i * 8 + (row % 2) * 4 + Math.random() * 3, y: 8 + row * 5.5 + Math.random() * 2,
    c: ['#c9b18f','#8f6f4f','#d9c6a5','#5f7f9f','#9f5f5f','#7f9f5f','#e0d0b0','#b0a0c0'][(i * 7 + row) % 8]
  });
}

// -------------------------------------------------------------- primitives ----
function line(x1, z1, x2, z2, w = 1) {
  const a = proj(x1, 0, z1), b = proj(x2, 0, z2);
  ctx.strokeStyle = UI.cream; ctx.lineWidth = w;
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(a.x, a.y); ctx.lineTo(b.x, b.y); ctx.stroke();
}
function quadXZ(x1, z1, x2, z2, color) { // filled court-plane rect (screen trapezoid)
  const a = proj(x1, 0, z1), b = proj(x2, 0, z1), c = proj(x2, 0, z2), d = proj(x1, 0, z2);
  ctx.fillStyle = color; ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.moveTo(a.x, a.y); ctx.lineTo(b.x, b.y); ctx.lineTo(c.x, c.y); ctx.lineTo(d.x, d.y); ctx.fill();
}
function drawShadow(px, py, rx, ry, alpha = 0.28) {
  ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(0,0,0,${alpha})`;
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.ellipse(px, py, rx, Math.max(1, ry), 0, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
}
function drawBall(x, y, z, glint = false, bomb = false, flame = false) {
  const sh = proj(x, 0, z);
  drawShadow(sh.x, sh.y, Math.max(1.5, sh.s * 0.09), sh.s * 0.04, 0.3);
  const bp = proj(x, y, z);
  const r = Math.max(1.5, bp.s * 0.09);
  if (bomb) { // black ball with a flickering orange fuse pixel on top
    ctx.fillStyle = '#111'; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(bp.x, bp.y, r, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
    if (Math.floor(G.idleT * 20) % 2) { ctx.fillStyle = '#ff8010'; ctx.fillRect(bp.x - 0.5, bp.y - r - 1, Math.max(1, r * 0.5), Math.max(1, r * 0.6)); }
    return;
  }
  if (flame) { // white-hot core in an orange shell, flickering
    ctx.fillStyle = '#ff8010'; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(bp.x, bp.y, r + (Math.floor(G.idleT * 24) % 2 ? 1 : 0), 0, 7); ctx.fill();
    ctx.fillStyle = '#ffe8a0'; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(bp.x, bp.y, Math.max(1, r * 0.5), 0, 7); ctx.fill();
    return;
  }
  ctx.fillStyle = UI.ball; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(bp.x, bp.y, r, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
  if (glint) { ctx.fillStyle = '#f8f8d0'; ctx.fillRect(bp.x - r * 0.3, bp.y - r * 0.5, Math.max(1, r * 0.5), Math.max(1, r * 0.5)); }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------- actors ----
function drawStatic(name, x, z, hMeters, bob = 0) {
  const img = SPR[name]; if (!img) return;
  const p = proj(x, 0, z);
  const h = hMeters * p.s, w = h * img.width / img.height;
  drawShadow(p.x, p.y, w * 0.4, h * 0.04, 0.25);
  ctx.drawImage(img, p.x - w / 2, p.y - h - bob, w, h);
}
function drawBoy(b) {
  // mopping is not sprinting: its own sheet and a slower push cycle. Falls back to the run
  // frames until the mop PNGs have loaded.
  // Three sheets, because a boy WALKING to the next stain is not a boy mopping: x_boymop is the
  // push cycle (used only while he's stopped and working), x_boycarry is him walking upright with
  // the mop shouldered, x_boyrun is the plain tennis-mode ball fetch.
  const mop = b.mop && SPR.x_boymop1;
  const sheet = !mop ? 'x_boyrun' : b.mopT > 0 ? 'x_boymop' : SPR.x_boycarry1 ? 'x_boycarry' : 'x_boymop';
  // Frames step off DISTANCE COVERED, not elapsed time: a time-driven cycle made him moonwalk
  // whenever his speed and the frame rate disagreed. Now the stride owns the ground he covers.
  const stride = TUNE.boyStride * (mop ? 1 : 2.1); // a sprint eats more ground per frame than a push
  const img = SPR[sheet + (Math.floor((b.dist || 0) / stride) % 4 + 1)]; if (!img) return;
  const p = proj(b.x, 0, b.z);
  // scale off the frame's OWN pixel height, not a fixed BOY_H: the sheets are common-scaled per
  // sheet, so a deep mopping lean is genuinely shorter and must not be stretched back upright
  const h = BOY_H * p.s * (img.height / SPRITE_H), w = h * img.width / img.height;
  drawShadow(p.x, p.y, w * 0.3, h * 0.04, 0.25);
  ctx.save(); ctx.translate(p.x, p.y - (mop ? 0 : Math.floor(b.runT * 20) % 2));
  if (b.dir < 0) ctx.scale(-1, 1);
  ctx.drawImage(img, -w / 2, -h, w, h);
  ctx.restore();
}
const ZFRAMES = { a: 4, b: 4, f: 4, d: 4 }; // 4-frame walk cycles where sheets exist; the rest stay 2
// The rogue ball machine, on its own generated sheet: a dented hopper cart on wheels with a barrel
// aimed down-court, and a second frame with the muzzle flashing. Oliver called the first, procedural
// version "naively painted" — it was four rects, which is fine for fire but not for furniture the
// player has to recognise and prioritise.
function drawMachine(zb) {
  const firing = zb.windT > 0;
  const name = firing && SPR.z_mach2 ? 'z_mach2' : 'z_mach1';
  const img = SPR[name];
  if (!img) return;                                    // sheet not loaded yet: draw nothing, not a box
  const h = MACH_H * (img.height / SPRITE_H);
  drawStatic(name, zb.x, zb.z, h);
  if (firing) { // the TELEGRAPH still needs to read at 20px tall, so the muzzle glow stays procedural
    const k = 1 - zb.windT / TUNE.bossWind, p = proj(zb.x, h * 0.62, zb.z); // bossWind, not machWind: the boss telegraphs faster
    ctx.globalAlpha = 0.3 + k * 0.7;
    ctx.fillStyle = k > 0.6 ? '#fff2c0' : UI.warm;
    const r = Math.max(1.5, p.s * 0.05 * (0.5 + k));
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(Math.round(p.x + p.s * 0.1), Math.round(p.y), r, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
    ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
  }
}

function drawZombie(zb) {
  if (zb.variant === 'm') return drawMachine(zb);
  const rk = zb.variant === 'r';
  const v = rk ? 'c' : zb.variant; // the racket zombie reuses the turned-CPU sprite (already holds a racket)
  let N = ZFRAMES[v] || 2;
  if (!SPR['z_' + v + N]) N = 2; // frames still loading (or sheet rejected): 2-frame fallback
  // same CYCLE frequency as before — more frames subdivide the stride, they don't speed it up
  let frame = rk && zb.pose === 'swing' ? 2 : Math.floor(zb.walkT * (zb.variant === 'f' ? 6 : 2.6) * N / 2) % N + 1;
  if (zb.variant === 's' && zb.shieldT > 0) frame = 3; // chair dropped — hit it NOW
  let h = zb.variant === 'g' ? 2.7 : zb.variant === 'd' ? 2.15 : rk ? 1.85 : 1.8; // the brute towers half again over the crowd; the steward stands between him and it
  if (zb.variant === 'B') h = 1.8 * (zb.scale || 1.5);  // ...and a chapter boss towers over the brute
  // wounded skins: multi-hit enemies show their damage as hp drops (arm off → head gone, still
  // shambling). The blood is NOT painted in — open wounds gush live particles (see bleed() in
  // zombies.js). Fall back to the healthy sprite until the wounded PNG has loaded.
  let name = 'z_' + v + frame;
  if (zb.variant === 'g' && zb.hp < TUNE.bruteHp) { // one arm → both → head gone → ribs out
    const stage = ['z_gw4', 'z_gw3', 'z_gw2', 'z_gw'][Math.max(0, Math.min(3, zb.hp - 1))];
    if (SPR[stage]) {
      // Every wound stage has its OWN two-frame lurch (…w / …wb = the stride swapped). Stepped by
      // DISTANCE WALKED, not time — the brute is the slowest thing on court, so a time-driven cycle
      // was pure foot-slide. This replaced a procedural squash-and-sway that read as exactly what
      // it was: fake. The comedy is in the gait, and the gait has to be drawn.
      const b = stage + 'b';
      name = SPR[b] && Math.floor(zb.z / TUNE.bruteStride) % 2 ? b : stage;
      h *= SPR[stage].height / SPRITE_H; // height ALWAYS off the A frame, or the size pops each step
    } else if (SPR.z_gw) name = 'z_gw';  // a missing asset degrades to the last skin that loaded
  }
  else if ((zb.variant === 'a' || zb.variant === 'b') && zb.hp < TUNE.shamblerHp && SPR['z_' + zb.variant + 'w']) name = 'z_' + zb.variant + 'w'; // gashed shambler
  // The boss's damage is read as a FRACTION of full health — his hp scales with the run
  // (TUNE.racketHpPerGame), so the old `hp === 2` / `hp <= 1` thresholds would have left a late-run
  // boss looking untouched until the killing blow. Keep these in step with bleed()'s anchors.
  else if (rk) {
    const f = zb.hp / (zb.hpMax || TUNE.racketHp);
    if (f <= 0.34 && SPR.z_cw2) { name = 'z_cw2'; h = 1.52; } // headless: a head shorter, so the shoulders land where a whole zombie's do
    else if (f <= 0.67 && SPR.z_cw1) name = 'z_cw1';
  }
  // The chapter boss comes apart through the SAME fraction-of-hpMax rule as the racket zombie, over
  // three stages, so a 34 hp chapter-4 boss visibly degrades all the way down: arm off, then ribs
  // out, then headless and still throwing. Its 2-frame stride steps off DISTANCE COVERED (the same
  // rule the brute uses) — it is the slowest thing on court and a time-driven cycle would foot-slide.
  // The chapter boss picks its frames from its DESIGN (`zb.art`, one row of config.BOSS_ART per
  // chapter, cycling), so a new boss is a sheet plus a data row and never a change here. Damage is a
  // FRACTION of hpMax spread over however many wound stages that design has, and the wounded state
  // stays visible MID-THROW — the one place Oliver found damage disappearing.
  // NEVER name a sprite so it differs from another only by case: macOS is case-insensitive, so
  // writing z_B1.png silently OVERWROTE the 'b' shambler's z_b1.png and a boss turned up in the crowd.
  if (zb.variant === 'B') {
    const A = zb.art || BOSS_ART[0];
    const f = zb.hp / (zb.hpMax || 1), nStage = A.wounds.length;
    const idx = f >= 1 ? 0 : Math.min(nStage, Math.max(1, Math.ceil((1 - f) * nStage)));
    const wanted = zb.windT > 0 ? A.throws[Math.min(idx, A.throws.length - 1)]
      : idx ? A.wounds[idx - 1]
      : A.walk[Math.floor(zb.z / TUNE.bruteStride) % 2];
    // a design whose sheet has not been generated (or has not loaded) degrades to design 1 rather
    // than vanishing, since drawStatic silently draws nothing for a missing sprite
    const stage = SPR[wanted] ? wanted : BOSS_ART[0].walk[Math.floor(zb.z / TUNE.bruteStride) % 2];
    if (SPR[stage]) { name = stage; h *= SPR[stage].height / SPRITE_H; } // height ALWAYS off the frame, or the size pops
  }
  drawStatic(name, zb.x, zb.z, h, Math.floor(zb.walkT * 5.2) % 2);
  if (zb.burnT > 0) drawFlames(zb, h);
  if (zb.windT > 0 && zb.variant === 'B') { // the boss telegraphs too: it rears up, glowing, then throws
    const k = 1 - zb.windT / TUNE.bossWind, p = proj(zb.x, h * 0.62, zb.z); // bossWind, not machWind: the boss telegraphs faster
    ctx.globalAlpha = 0.25 + k * 0.55; ctx.fillStyle = k > 0.6 ? '#fff2c0' : UI.bad;
    const r = Math.max(2, p.s * 0.1 * (0.5 + k));
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(Math.round(p.x), Math.round(p.y), r, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
    ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
  }
  // No HP bar. It was the only floating UI on a body anywhere in the game, it was on screen for
  // almost the whole run (a boss respawns every game you win), and nobody knew what it meant —
  // while the wound SKINS above already encode exactly the same information in the language every
  // other multi-hit enemy uses. The first-sight modal in spawnRacketZombie explains him instead.
}
// Fire, drawn procedurally instead of as a sprite sheet: a few vertically-stretched quads whose
// offsets ride each body's own phase (walkT), so no two burning zombies flicker in sync — and it
// reads at every burn stage, from fresh yellow flare to guttering smoke, for free.
function drawFlames(zb, hMeters) {
  const p = proj(zb.x, 0, zb.z), s = p.s;
  const k = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, zb.burnT / TUNE.burnTime)); // 1 = just lit, 0 = about to gutter out
  const col = k > 0.6 ? '#ffc030' : k > 0.3 ? '#ff8010' : '#6b5a52';
  for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    const ph = G.idleT * (7 + i * 1.7) + zb.walkT * 3.1 + i * 2;
    const fx = p.x + Math.sin(ph) * s * 0.11 + (i - 2) * s * 0.05;
    const fy = p.y - (0.2 + i * 0.15 + 0.25 * k) * hMeters * s - Math.abs(Math.sin(ph * 1.6)) * s * 0.08;
    ctx.fillStyle = i === 0 && k > 0.5 ? '#ffe8a0' : col; // one white-hot core tongue while it rages
    ctx.fillRect(fx | 0, fy | 0, Math.max(1, s * 0.045), Math.max(2, s * (0.10 + 0.07 * Math.abs(Math.sin(ph * 2)))));
  }
}
function drawRing(x, z, color) {
  const p = proj(x, 0, z);
  // integer-snapped so the moving ring steps whole pixels instead of shimmering
  const cx = Math.round(p.x), cy = Math.round(p.y);
  const rx = Math.max(2, Math.round(p.s * 0.3)), ry = Math.max(1, Math.round(p.s * 0.12));
  ctx.strokeStyle = color; ctx.lineWidth = 2;
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.ellipse(cx, cy, rx, ry, 0, 0, 7); ctx.stroke();
}

// gore piles: little 3D-ish mounds that accrete where kills cluster. Each pile's blobs are
// seeded ONCE from p.seed (rebuilt only when it grows), so the pile never shimmers frame to
// frame and drawing costs one proj() call — blob screen positions offset from that base.
function mulberry32(a) {
  return () => { a |= 0; a = a + 0x6D2B79F5 | 0;
    let t = Math.imul(a ^ a >>> 15, 1 | a); t = t + Math.imul(t ^ t >>> 7, 61 | t) ^ t;
    return ((t ^ t >>> 14) >>> 0) / 4294967296; };
}
const PILE_COLS = ['#6e1414', '#8c1212', '#4e0e0e', '#7a2a18'];
function buildBlobs(pl) {
  const rnd = mulberry32((pl.seed | 0) + 1), n = Math.round(6 + pl.size * 5);
  pl.blobs = [];
  for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
    const ang = rnd() * 6.2832, rad = Math.sqrt(rnd()); // uniform over the disk
    pl.blobs.push({ nx: Math.cos(ang) * rad, nz: Math.sin(ang) * rad,
      lift: rnd(), pr: 1 + rnd() * 2, color: rnd() < 0.1 ? '#cfc9b0' : PILE_COLS[(rnd() * 4) | 0] });
  }
  pl.blobs.sort((a, b) => (b.nz - 1.25 * b.lift) - (a.nz - 1.25 * a.lift)); // back/low first, peak on top
  pl.builtSize = pl.size;
}
function drawGorePile(pl) {
  if (!pl.blobs || pl.size > pl.builtSize) { buildBlobs(pl); pl.cv = null; } // rebuild only on growth, never on the mop-shrink
  const base = proj(pl.x, 0, pl.z), s = base.s, sz = pl.size;
  const key = Math.round(s * 4); // proj scale is constant per pile until growth or an orientation change
  if (!pl.cv || pl.cvKey !== key) { // pre-render: 1 drawImage per frame instead of ~26 ellipses (battery)
    const pad = Math.ceil(sz * 0.28 * s + 4);
    const off = document.createElement('canvas');
    off.width = off.height = pad * 2;
    const oc = off.getContext('2d');
    for (const b of pl.blobs) {
      const sx = pad + b.nx * sz * 0.28 * s;
      const sy = pad + b.nz * sz * 0.28 * s * 0.4 - b.lift * sz * 0.14 * s; // depth squished onto ground; lift raises it
      const r = Math.max(1.2, b.pr * s * 0.035);
      oc.fillStyle = b.color;
      oc.beginPath(); oc.ellipse(sx, sy, r, Math.max(1, r * 0.72), 0, 0, 7); oc.fill();
    }
    pl.cv = off; pl.cvKey = key; pl.cvPad = pad;
  }
  ctx.drawImage(pl.cv, base.x - pl.cvPad, base.y - pl.cvPad);
}
function drawPiles(near) { // split at the net like zombies so height occludes correctly
  for (const pl of piles.filter(p => near ? p.z > COURT.netZ : p.z <= COURT.netZ).sort((a, b) => a.z - b.z))
    drawGorePile(pl);
}

function drawChar(ch) {
  const receiverWaiting = G.phase === 'pretoss' && ch.side !== score.server && ch.pose === 'idle';
  const sway = receiverWaiting ? Math.sin(G.idleT * 3.2) : 0;
  const p = proj(ch.x + sway * 0.12, 0, ch.z);
  const hpx = PLAYER_H * p.s;
  // pick sprite
  const pre = ch.side === 'P' ? 'p_' : 'o_';
  let name = pre + (Math.floor(G.idleT * 1.6) % 2 ? 'idle1' : 'idle2'); // idle weight shift
  if (G.phase === 'pretoss' && ch.side === score.server && ch.pose === 'idle') {
    const w = G.idleT * BOUNCE_IDLE.tempo; // same phase as the bouncing ball
    const rising = Math.sin(w) * Math.cos(w) > 0;
    name = pre + (rising ? 'bounce2' : 'bounce'); // hand up while the ball rises, pat down exactly at the apex
  }
  if (ch.pose === 'run') name = pre + (Math.floor(ch.runT * 9) % 2 ? 'run1' : 'run2');
  if (receiverWaiting) name = pre + (sway > 0 ? 'run1' : 'run2'); // split-step shuffle
  if (ch.pose === 'swing') name = pre + (ch.poseT < 0.15 ? 'swing1' : 'swing2');
  if (ch.pose === 'serve') name = pre + (G.phase === 'toss' ? 'toss' : 'smash');
  if (ch.pose === 'run') p.y -= Math.floor(ch.runT * 18) % 2; // 1px run bob
  // Auto-fire: the idle sprite carries a racket at his hip AND drawMgRacket puts one in his hands —
  // two rackets. The run frames are the racket-less art, so he jogs on the spot instead.
  if (ch.side === 'P' && ch.pose === 'idle' && G.mode === 'splatter' && (G.horde || G.mgT > 0))
    name = pre + (Math.floor(G.idleT * 6) % 2 ? 'run1' : 'run2');
  const img = SPR[name];
  drawShadow(p.x, p.y, hpx * 0.22, hpx * 0.06);
  if (img) {
    const k = hpx / SPRITE_H; // sprites share one scale; the idle pose defines it
    const w = img.width * k, h = img.height * k;
    ctx.save();
    ctx.translate(p.x, p.y);
    if (ch.facing < 0) ctx.scale(-1, 1);
    ctx.drawImage(img, -w / 2, -h, w, h);
    ctx.restore();
  } else drawFallbackChar(ch, p, hpx);
  // No blood painted on the player. Oliver: "the player blood looks odd, appears as a painted layer
  // on top" — and he is right, and it also broke the settled rule that blood is never painted into
  // the man. His health reads as bleedPlayer()'s live drip plus the screen-edge wash on impact.
}

function drawFallbackChar(ch, p, h) { // shown only until sprites load
  const you = ch.side === 'P';
  const u = h / 16, x = p.x, y = p.y;
  const skin = '#e8b88a', shirt = you ? '#e8e8e8' : '#d04848', shorts = you ? '#3858a8' : '#404040';
  ctx.fillStyle = skin; ctx.fillRect(x - 2 * u, y - 16 * u, 4 * u, 4 * u);
  ctx.fillStyle = you ? '#804820' : '#282828'; ctx.fillRect(x - 2 * u, y - 16 * u, 4 * u, 1.2 * u);
  ctx.fillStyle = shirt; ctx.fillRect(x - 2.6 * u, y - 12 * u, 5.2 * u, 6 * u);
  ctx.fillStyle = shorts; ctx.fillRect(x - 2.4 * u, y - 6 * u, 4.8 * u, 3 * u);
  ctx.fillStyle = skin; ctx.fillRect(x - 1.8 * u, y - 3 * u, 1.4 * u, 3 * u); ctx.fillRect(x + 0.4 * u, y - 3 * u, 1.4 * u, 3 * u);
}
function drawMgRacket() { // horde: the player braces the racket forward and up-court, machine-gun style
  const hip = proj(P.x + 0.15, 1.05, P.z);
  const tip = proj(P.x, 0.95, P.z - 1.35); // pointing up-court, where the pellets stream out
  ctx.strokeStyle = '#d8d8d8'; ctx.lineWidth = 2;
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(hip.x, hip.y); ctx.lineTo(tip.x, tip.y); ctx.stroke();
  ctx.strokeStyle = '#b07030'; ctx.lineWidth = 1.5; // the head, aimed forward
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.ellipse(tip.x, tip.y, Math.max(2, tip.s * 0.14), Math.max(3, tip.s * 0.22), 0, 0, 7); ctx.stroke();
  const cool = G.horde ? G.horde.mgT : G.mgCool; // horde or GUN-tin pickup — same racket
  const rate = G.horde ? G.horde.mgRate || TUNE.mgRate : TUNE.mgRate;
  if (cool > 1 / rate - 0.03) { // muzzle flash right after a shot
    ctx.fillStyle = '#fff0a0'; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(tip.x, tip.y, Math.max(2, tip.s * 0.12), 0, 7); ctx.fill();
  }
}

// the courtside weapon rack along the bottom: PLAIN + the four tins. Tap a tile (or 1–5) to
// pick which one your next serve throws; empty tins dim out. Geometry is shared with input
// via rackHit so a tap lands on the tile you see.
const RACK_BOT = 0;   // px below the rack: none — it sits ON the bottom edge. SAFE.bottom still lifts
                      // it clear of the home indicator, which is the only gap that has to be there.
const RACK_GRAB = 7;  // px the TOUCH band extends above the drawn rack (below, it runs to the screen edge)
export const METER_Y = () => H - TUNE.rackH - RACK_BOT - 17 - SAFE.bottom; // the draw meter's fixed bottom slot
function rackGeom() {
  const h = TUNE.rackH, n = 5, tw = Math.min(64, (W - 4) / n), rw = tw * n;
  return { x0: Math.round((W - rw) / 2), y0: H - h - RACK_BOT - SAFE.bottom, tw, h, n, rw };
}
export function rackHit(nx, ny) { // normalized [0,1] canvas coords -> slot index, or -1
  if (G.mode !== 'splatter' || G.interlude) return -1; // no rack during the tennis-rules duel
  const g = rackGeom(), cx = nx * W, cy = ny * H;
  // The touch band is deliberately BIGGER than the art: up by RACK_GRAB and all the way down to
  // the screen edge, reclaiming the dead margin below. At 22px tall the tiles were ~30 CSS px on a
  // phone — well under the 44px everyone's thumb expects — which is why switching tins felt fiddly.
  if (cy < g.y0 - RACK_GRAB || cx < g.x0 || cx >= g.x0 + g.rw) return -1;
  return Math.max(0, Math.min(g.n - 1, ((cx - g.x0) / g.tw) | 0));
}
function drawRack() {
  const g = rackGeom(), pad = 3;
  const stock = [Infinity, G.bombs, G.triples, G.flames, G.guns];
  const labels = ['BALL', 'BOMB', 'TRIPLE', 'FIRE', 'GUN'];
  const WICONS = ['w_ball', 'w_bomb', 'w_triple', 'w_fire', 'w_gun']; // generated pixel-art icons
  ctx.save(); ctx.lineWidth = 1;
  for (let i = 0; i < g.n; i++) {
    const x = g.x0 + i * g.tw, sel = G.weapon === i, dim = stock[i] <= 0 && i > 0;
    ctx.fillStyle = sel ? '#123a24' : '#0a2418'; ctx.fillRect(x + 1, g.y0 + 1, g.tw - 2, g.h - 2);         // sunk slot
    ctx.strokeStyle = sel ? UI.pick : '#05160e'; ctx.strokeRect(x + 1.5, g.y0 + 1.5, g.tw - 3, g.h - 3); // gold frame when live
    // icon: left, vertically centred, padded off the edge
    const box = g.h - pad * 2, icx = x + pad + box / 2, icy = g.y0 + g.h / 2;
    ctx.globalAlpha = dim ? 0.35 : 1;
    const spr = SPR[WICONS[i]];
    if (spr) {
      const k = Math.min(box / spr.width, box / spr.height), iw = spr.width * k, ih = spr.height * k;
      ctx.drawImage(spr, icx - iw / 2, icy - ih / 2, iw, ih);
    } else { ctx.fillStyle = UI.ball; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(icx, icy, 3, 0, 7); ctx.fill(); } // fallback until the PNG loads
    // count over label, both centred on the text column right of the icon — aligned as one unit
    const tx = x + pad + box + (g.tw - pad * 2 - box) / 2;
    ctx.textAlign = 'center'; ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
    ctx.globalAlpha = dim ? 0.5 : 1;
    ctx.font = F(8); ctx.fillStyle = sel ? UI.pick : '#e8f0dc';
    ctx.fillText(i === 0 ? '∞' : '×' + stock[i], tx, g.y0 + g.h * 0.33);   // ball = ∞, else ×count
    ctx.font = F(6, 0); ctx.fillStyle = sel ? '#f2ead6' : '#8fa89a';
    ctx.fillText(labels[i], tx, g.y0 + g.h * 0.72);                               // weapon label, under its count
    ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
    if (i === 4 && G.mgT > 0) { ctx.fillStyle = UI.pick; ctx.fillRect(x + 2, g.y0 + g.h - 2, (g.tw - 4) * Math.min(1, G.mgT / TUNE.mgPickupLen), 1.5); } // burst countdown
  }
  ctx.restore();
}

// the centered milestone 'block': a real pause, front and center. Shared by the sudden-death duel
// and the SET announcement so both read as the same interruption. Assumes textAlign is already set.
function drawCard(title, sub1, sub2, color) {
  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(10,6,8,0.66)'; ctx.fillRect(0, H / 2 - 36, W, 64);
  ctx.textAlign = 'center';
  ctx.fillStyle = color; ctx.font = F(16); ctx.fillText(title, W / 2, H / 2 - 26);
  ctx.fillStyle = UI.cream; ctx.font = F(8);
  if (sub1) ctx.fillText(sub1, W / 2, H / 2 - 2);
  if (sub2) ctx.fillText(sub2, W / 2, H / 2 + 12);
}

// Sit in the serve stance doing nothing and the gesture demonstrates itself: a ghost thumb slides
// BACK from the player while chevrons grow FORWARD up the court, then it releases and repeats.
// Pulling is the whole game in splatter mode, and a line of text was carrying that alone.
function drawPullHint() {
  const cyc = 1.9, t = (G.idleHintT - TUNE.pullHintAfter) % cyc;
  const draw = Math.min(1, t / 1.15);                 // the pull itself, then a beat held at full
  const gone = t > 1.45;                              // released — the thumb lifts off
  const anchor = proj(P.x, 0, P.z + 0.6);
  const ax = Math.round(anchor.x), ay = Math.round(Math.min(anchor.y + 6, METER_Y() - 26));
  const len = 30 * draw;
  ctx.save();
  ctx.globalAlpha = gone ? 0 : 0.85;
  // the dotted track the thumb travels, straight down-screen = "pull back"
  ctx.fillStyle = UI.dim;
  for (let d = 6; d < 34; d += 6) ctx.fillRect(ax - 1, ay + d, 2, 2);
  // chevrons growing UP-court as the pull grows — the inverse relationship is the whole lesson
  ctx.fillStyle = UI.warm;
  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    const u = (i + 1) / 4;
    if (draw < u * 0.9) continue;
    const cy = ay - 8 - i * 7, s = 4;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo(ax, cy - s); ctx.lineTo(ax + s, cy + s * 0.7); ctx.lineTo(ax - s, cy + s * 0.7);
    ctx.fill();
  }
  // the ghost thumb
  ctx.globalAlpha = gone ? 0 : 0.9;
  ctx.fillStyle = UI.cream;
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(ax, ay + len, 5, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.45)';
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(ax, ay + len, 2, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
  ctx.restore();
}

// The modal: drawn LAST, over everything, and the world behind it is frozen (gameplay.update
// early-returns). Unlike drawCard this is a wall — nothing moves until it is tapped away.
// easeOutBack: overshoots past the target and settles. The arcade snap — nothing in a cabinet
// menu ever arrived by decelerating politely into place.
const BACK_C = 1.70158;
const easeBack = p => 1 + (BACK_C + 1) * (p - 1) ** 3 + BACK_C * (p - 1) ** 2;

function drawModal(m) {
  // The entrance (m.in, 0..1, ticked in gameplay's update behind the world freeze): the icon and
  // title fly in from the RIGHT, the body lines cascade in from the LEFT one after another, each
  // on its own staggered easeOutBack. Every x is ROUNDED — a fractional x on a nearest-neighbour
  // scaled image re-snaps its pixel columns every frame, which is the same boiling that once read
  // as HUD flicker. Legacy/test modals with no `in` field draw fully landed.
  const t = m.in === undefined ? 1 : m.in;
  const STAG = 0.08, RUN = 0.62;                              // per-element delay, and travel time
  const lane = k => {                                          // 0 = off screen, 1 = home (may overshoot)
    const p = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (t - k * STAG) / RUN));
    return p >= 1 ? 1 : easeBack(p);
  };
  const dx = (k, from) => Math.round(from * (1 - lane(k)) * W * 0.85); // from: -1 left, 1 right
  ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(8,6,10,${(0.82 * Math.min(1, t / 0.35)).toFixed(3)})`; // the dim washes in first
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H);
  ctx.textAlign = 'center'; ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
  const body = m.body || [], img = m.icon && SPR[m.icon];
  // cap the illustration against the viewport, not just the asset: at 270px tall (landscape) a
  // portrait-sized icon pushed the TAP prompt down onto the weapon rack
  const iconH = img ? Math.min(m.iconH || 40, H * 0.28) : 0;
  const blockH = (iconH ? iconH + 12 : 0) + 22 + body.length * 13;
  let y = Math.round(H / 2 - blockH / 2);
  const headX = dx(0, 1); // icon and title travel together, as one masthead
  if (img) {
    const iw = Math.min(W - 24, iconH * img.width / img.height);
    ctx.drawImage(img, Math.round(W / 2 - iw / 2) + headX, y, Math.round(iw), iconH);
    y += iconH + 12;
  }
  ctx.font = F(14); ctx.fillStyle = m.color || UI.warm;
  if (headX) for (const [f, a] of [[0.7, 0.12], [0.35, 0.26]]) { // speed streak: ghosts strung out behind it
    ctx.save(); ctx.globalAlpha = a;
    ctx.fillText(m.title, W / 2 + Math.round(headX * (1 + f)), y + 8);
    ctx.restore();
  }
  ctx.fillText(m.title, W / 2 + headX, y + 8); y += 22;
  ctx.font = F(8, 0); ctx.fillStyle = UI.cream;
  body.forEach((l, i) => { ctx.fillText(l, W / 2 + dx(i + 1, -1), y + 6); y += 13; });
  // the prompt only exists once everything has landed — offering the tap mid-flight would be a lie,
  // dismissModal swallows it until then
  if (t >= 1 && Math.floor(G.idleT * 2) % 2) { // the prompt blinks so it never reads as part of the copy
    ctx.font = F(8); ctx.fillStyle = UI.warm;
    ctx.fillText(IS_TOUCH ? 'TAP TO CONTINUE' : 'PRESS ANY KEY', W / 2, Math.round(H / 2 + blockH / 2 + 22));
  }
  ctx.textBaseline = 'top';
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------------ frame ----
const AD_H = 14; // px tall the courtside ad strip is drawn — also the ceiling for centred HUD text
export function render() {
  ctx.setTransform(RES, 0, 0, RES, 0, 0); // logical W x H coordinates at RES density
  // ease the aim camera FIRST, before anything projects — one camera per frame (see proj)
  aimCam += ((G.aim ? 1 : 0) - aimCam) * 0.15;
  if (G.shake) { // bomb kick: jitter the whole world (transform is reset before the HUD)
    const m = G.shake.mag * G.shake.t / 0.35;
    ctx.translate((Math.random() * 2 - 1) * m, (Math.random() * 2 - 1) * m);
  }

  const pal = palette(), pt = paletteT();
  // CLEAR THE WHOLE FRAME to the apron colour first. There was no clear at all: the stands cover the
  // top and the out-area quad covers the middle, but the quad only reaches z=30, and below where that
  // projects the canvas was simply TRANSPARENT — you saw the page through it as a duller band across
  // the bottom of the screen. Oversized by 8px so a camera shake can never expose an edge.
  ctx.fillStyle = pal.out;
  ctx.fillRect(-8, -8, W + 16, H + 16);
  pageBackground(pal.out); // ...and the page behind it matches, for the rounded display corners
  // stands: the generated crowd, drawn in columns so it can BOUNCE when it cheers.
  // sit the ad strip flush on the court's back edge (the out-area quad below reaches z=-6);
  // pinning to that projected line keeps the boards clear of the lawn in BOTH orientations
  // (a fixed baseline offset over-/under-shoots because camF differs portrait vs landscape).
  const standsBottom = proj(0, 0, -6).y;
  const crowdH = standsBottom - AD_H + 2;
  const crowdImg = SPR['x_crowd'];
  if (crowdImg) {
    // Applause is a real TWO-FRAME animation now: x_crowd is the seated sheet, x_crowd2 the same
    // stand with every arm up. Columns swap between them on their own phase, so the clap ripples
    // across the stands. Crucially there is NO vertical offset any more — the old bounce shifted
    // each column by a FRACTIONAL dy, and nearest-neighbour resampling of a scaled image at a
    // fractional y makes its pixel rows re-snap every frame. That boiling, right beside the
    // scoreboard, is what read as the HUD flickering. Integer-aligned draws don't shimmer.
    const clapImg = SPR['x_crowd2'];
    const cols = 16, sw = crowdImg.width / cols, dw = W / cols;
    for (let c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
      const clapping = crowd.cheer > 0 && clapImg && Math.floor(G.idleT * 9 + c * 0.7) % 2;
      const img = clapping ? clapImg : crowdImg;
      ctx.drawImage(img, c * sw, 0, sw, img.height, c * dw, 0, dw + 0.5, crowdH + 2);
    }
  } else { // fallback until the image loads: the old tier stripes + dots
    ctx.fillStyle = pal.stands; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, standsBottom);
    for (let r = 0; r < 16; r++) { ctx.fillStyle = r % 2 ? pal.tierA : pal.tierB; ctx.fillRect(0, 6 + r * 5.5, W, 5.5); }
    for (const d of crowd.dots) {
      // dot fallback (pre-sprite): whole-pixel hops only, same no-shimmer rule as above
      const jx = 0;
      const jy = crowd.cheer > 0 && Math.floor(G.idleT * 9 + d.x * 0.2) % 2 ? -2 : 0;
      ctx.fillStyle = d.c; ctx.fillRect(d.x + jx | 0, d.y + jy | 0, 2, 2);
    }
  }
  // courtside advertising: tiled sponsor panels at native aspect (never half-cut text)
  const ads = SPR['x_ads'];
  if (ads) {
    const tw = ads.width * (AD_H / ads.height);
    for (let x = 0; x < W; x += tw) ctx.drawImage(ads, x, standsBottom - AD_H, tw, AD_H);
  } else { ctx.fillStyle = pal.board; ctx.fillRect(0, standsBottom - AD_H, W, AD_H); }
  // the rot dims the stadium: one tint over crowd + boards, fading home during duels
  // the rot dims the stadium — but 0.5 on top of an already-dark crowd sheet buried the stands in
  // splatter mode, where you spend most of the game. 0.26 still reads as "the lights went wrong".
  if (pt > 0) { ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(12,8,20,${0.26 * pt})`; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, standsBottom); }

  // ground + court (Super Tennis lawn); everything outside the doubles court is OUT
  const dw = COURT.dblW / 2;
  quadXZ(-14, -6, 14, 30, pal.out);                                // out area. NEVER let z approach
  // TUNE.camZ (48): proj() divides by (camZ - z), so at z >= camZ the scale blows up and then goes
  // NEGATIVE, and the quad's far edge folds back above the screen as an inverted triangle. The
  // full-frame clear above is what covers the bottom of the screen; this quad does not need to.
  quadXZ(-dw - 0.15, -0.15, dw + 0.15, COURT.L + 0.15, '#e8e8dc'); // perimeter border line
  quadXZ(-dw, 0, dw, COURT.L, pal.lawn);                           // lawn (doubles court)
  for (let z = 0; z < COURT.L; z += 2.97) quadXZ(-dw, z, dw, Math.min(z + 1.49, COURT.L), pal.stripe); // mow stripes
  // lines: baselines, doubles + singles sidelines, service box
  line(-dw, 0, dw, 0, 2); line(-dw, COURT.L, dw, COURT.L, 2);
  line(-dw, 0, -dw, COURT.L, 1.5); line(dw, 0, dw, COURT.L, 1.5);
  line(-COURT.W / 2, 0, -COURT.W / 2, COURT.L, 1.5); line(COURT.W / 2, 0, COURT.W / 2, COURT.L, 1.5);
  line(-COURT.W / 2, COURT.svcFar, COURT.W / 2, COURT.svcFar, 1);
  line(-COURT.W / 2, COURT.svcNear, COURT.W / 2, COURT.svcNear, 1);
  line(0, COURT.svcFar, 0, COURT.svcNear, 1);
  line(0, 0, 0, 0.35, 1); line(0, COURT.L - 0.35, 0, COURT.L, 1); // center marks

  // gore decals: what remains of the visiting team (flat ground layer, then far-side mounds)
  for (const d of gore) {
    const p = proj(d.x, 0, d.z);
    ctx.fillStyle = d.scorch ? `rgba(28,22,16,${d.a})` : `rgba(140,18,18,${d.a})`; // craters burn black-brown
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.ellipse(p.x, p.y, p.s * d.r * 0.4, p.s * d.r * 0.16, 0, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
  }
  drawPiles(false); // far-side piles (occluded by the net); near-side piles drawn after the net

  // landing rings: white = incoming ball, yellow/red = your shot (red lands out)
  if (G.phase === 'rally' && ball.active && ball.bounces === 0 && ball.lastHit === 'O') {
    const l = predictLanding();
    if (l) drawRing(l.x, l.z, 'rgba(255,255,255,0.85)');
  }
  if (G.outMarker) drawRing(G.outMarker.x, G.outMarker.z, G.outMarker.out ? UI.hot : UI.warm);
  // slingshot aim. Three readings, all of them power: a chevron trail running down the lane, an
  // arrowhead on the target, and a notched meter over your head. The notch is the point of the
  // whole thing — it puts the kill threshold on screen instead of leaving it to be discovered.
  if (G.aim && G.mode === 'splatter' && !G.interlude && (G.phase === 'pretoss' || G.phase === 'toss' || G.phase === 'rally')) {
    const ft = flickTarget(P, G.aim);
    const tx = ft.zt ? ft.zt.x : ft.tx, tz = ft.zt ? ft.zt.z : ft.tz;
    const kills = ft.q >= TUNE.zSplatQ;
    // cool blue-white = this pull only staggers. It stays READABLE on the dark lawn: you still
    // need to see where you're pointing, you just need to know it won't kill.
    const col = !kills ? '#9db4d0' : ft.zt ? UI.hot : UI.warm;
    if (tx !== undefined) {
      const a = proj(P.x, 1.4, P.z), b = proj(tx, 0.35, tz);
      const dx = b.x - a.x, dy = b.y - a.y, len = Math.hypot(dx, dy) || 1;
      const ux = dx / len, uy = dy / len, px = -uy, py = ux; // unit along the lane, and its normal
      // (proj is a true projective map, so a straight world line stays straight on screen — one
      // screen direction is correct for every chevron along it, only the SIZE has to change)
      const chevron = (c, size, alpha) => {
        ctx.globalAlpha = alpha;
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.moveTo(c.x + ux * size, c.y + uy * size);
        ctx.lineTo(c.x - ux * size * 0.4 + px * size, c.y - uy * size * 0.4 + py * size);
        ctx.lineTo(c.x - ux * size * 0.4 - px * size, c.y - uy * size * 0.4 - py * size);
        ctx.fill();
      };
      // Chevrons stepped along the lane in WORLD space, each sized by its own projection scale,
      // so they shrink into the distance like everything else on the court. They also fade OUT
      // toward the target: solid at your racket, thinning up the lane, so the trail reads as
      // something leaving your hand rather than as a label on the zombie. More of them, and
      // fatter, the harder you draw.
      const n = Math.round(3 + ft.f * 5);
      ctx.fillStyle = col;
      for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        const u = i / (n + 1);
        const c = proj(P.x + (tx - P.x) * u, 1.4 + (0.35 - 1.4) * u, P.z + (tz - P.z) * u);
        chevron(c, Math.max(1.5, c.s * (0.07 + ft.f * 0.09)), 1 - 0.7 * u);
      }
      chevron(b, Math.max(2.5, b.s * (0.10 + ft.f * 0.11)), 1); // the arrowhead lands ON the target
      ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
      drawRing(tx, tz, col);
    }
    // The draw meter: it fills as you pull and the notch marks the kill line. A fixed BAR ACROSS
    // THE BOTTOM, ~90% of the width — it used to be a 26x4 px stub floating on the apron by your
    // feet, which is nothing at arm's length with a thumb over it. Fixed position also means it
    // never wanders behind the chevrons or off the top of the court.
    const mw = Math.round(W * 0.9), mh = 10, mx = Math.round((W - mw) / 2);
    const my = METER_Y();
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.62)'; ctx.fillRect(mx - 2, my - 2, mw + 4, mh + 4);
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.16)'; ctx.fillRect(mx, my, mw, mh);   // empty channel
    ctx.fillStyle = col; ctx.fillRect(mx, my, Math.round(mw * ft.f), mh);
    const notch = Math.round(mw * (TUNE.zSplatQ - TUNE.pullQMin) / (1 - TUNE.pullQMin));
    ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff'; ctx.fillRect(mx + notch, my - 3, 2, mh + 6); // the kill line
    if (ft.f >= 0.999 && Math.floor(G.idleT * 12) % 2) { // fully drawn: the whole bar flashes
      ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff'; ctx.fillRect(mx, my, mw, mh);
    }
  }

  // far-side drawables in z order (far → near), then the net, then the near side
  const farSide = [
    { z: COURT.netZ - 0.01, f: () => drawStatic('x_ump', UMP_X, COURT.netZ, UMP_H) },
  ];
  if (!G.hideO) farSide.push({ z: O.z, f: () => drawChar(O) });
  if (G.boy && G.boy.z <= COURT.netZ) farSide.push({ z: G.boy.z, f: () => drawBoy(G.boy) });
  for (const zb of zombies) if (zb.z <= COURT.netZ) farSide.push({ z: zb.z, f: () => drawZombie(zb) });
  farSide.sort((a, b) => a.z - b.z).forEach(d => d.f());

  // net
  const nl = proj(-COURT.netW / 2, 0, COURT.netZ), nr = proj(COURT.netW / 2, 0, COURT.netZ);
  const nlt = proj(-COURT.netW / 2, COURT.netH, COURT.netZ), nrt = proj(COURT.netW / 2, COURT.netH, COURT.netZ);
  ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(20,26,34,0.72)';
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(nl.x, nl.y); ctx.lineTo(nr.x, nr.y); ctx.lineTo(nrt.x, nrt.y); ctx.lineTo(nlt.x, nlt.y); ctx.fill();
  ctx.strokeStyle = '#eeeeee'; ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
  ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(nlt.x, nlt.y); ctx.lineTo(nrt.x, nrt.y); ctx.stroke();
  ctx.fillStyle = '#333'; ctx.fillRect(nl.x - 1, nlt.y, 2, nl.y - nlt.y); ctx.fillRect(nr.x - 1, nrt.y, 2, nr.y - nrt.y);
  drawPiles(true); // near-side piles: after the net (they're closer), before the near actors
  if (G.boy && G.boy.z > COURT.netZ) drawBoy(G.boy);
  zombies.filter(zb => zb.z > COURT.netZ).sort((a, b) => a.z - b.z).forEach(drawZombie);

  // server idly bouncing the ball while waiting
  if (G.phase === 'pretoss') {
    const sv = score.server === 'P' ? P : O;
    const bx = sv.x - BOUNCE_IDLE.dx * (sv.side === 'P' ? 1 : -1);
    const by = Math.abs(Math.sin(G.idleT * BOUNCE_IDLE.tempo)) * BOUNCE_IDLE.apex;
    drawBall(bx, by, sv.z);
  }
  // the match ball (and any triple-serve side balls in flight)
  if ((ball.active || G.phase === 'over') && !ball.collected) drawBall(ball.x, ball.y, ball.z, true, ball.bomb, ball.flame);
  for (const e of extras) drawBall(e.x, e.y, e.z);
  // INCOMING hostile balls, marked so they can never be mistaken for one of yours: a red ring and a
  // hard ground shadow, so you can read WHERE it will land while it is still in the air.
  for (const s of shots) {
    const sh = proj(s.x, 0, s.z);
    drawShadow(sh.x, sh.y, Math.max(1.5, sh.s * 0.05), Math.max(1, sh.s * 0.025), 0.4);
    const sp = proj(s.x, s.y, s.z), r = Math.max(2, sp.s * 0.045);
    ctx.fillStyle = UI.bad;
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(Math.round(sp.x), Math.round(sp.y), r + 1.5, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
    ctx.fillStyle = UI.ball;
    ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(Math.round(sp.x), Math.round(sp.y), r, 0, 7); ctx.fill();
  }
  // splatter particles (fire embers ride the same array)
  for (const pt of parts) {
    const pp = proj(pt.x, pt.y, pt.z);
    ctx.fillStyle = pt.fire ? (pt.t > 0.12 ? '#ffc030' : '#ff8010')
      : pt.dark ? 'rgba(96,14,14,0.9)' : 'rgba(170,22,22,0.9)';
    ctx.fillRect(pp.x | 0, pp.y | 0, 2, 2);
  }
  // machine-gun pellets: flat tracers with a tiny ground shadow
  for (const pe of pellets) {
    const sh = proj(pe.x, 0, pe.z); drawShadow(sh.x, sh.y, Math.max(1, sh.s * 0.04), Math.max(1, sh.s * 0.02), 0.25);
    const pp = proj(pe.x, pe.y, pe.z);
    ctx.fillStyle = UI.warm; ctx.fillRect((pp.x | 0) - 2, (pp.y | 0) - 2, 4, 4); // fat round — it hits like one
  }
  // death, in three stages. A: you are still there, thrashing and going red as they crowd in.
  // B (from EATEN_BURST): the sprite is gone and you ARE the gore — playerGore() drops the mound.
  // C: the summary fades in over it, so the biggest pile on the court stays visible underneath.
  if (G.mode !== 'eaten') drawChar(P);
  else if (G.eatenT < EATEN_BURST) {
    const k = G.eatenT / EATEN_BURST, j = 1 + k * 3; // the shake grows as they pull you down
    ctx.save();
    ctx.translate((Math.random() * 2 - 1) * j, (Math.random() * 2 - 1) * j * 0.6);
    ctx.filter = `sepia(1) saturate(${2 + 7 * k}) hue-rotate(-25deg) brightness(${1 - 0.25 * k})`;
    drawChar(P);
    ctx.filter = 'none'; // ponytail: unsupported filter just means no tint — the shake still reads
    ctx.restore();
  }
  if ((G.horde || G.mgT > 0) && G.mode === 'splatter') drawMgRacket(); // rambo racket over the player

  ctx.setTransform(RES, 0, 0, RES, 0, 0); // un-shake: the HUD and overlays stay rock steady
  // bomb bloom: a warm blood-orange wash, not a white-out. At 0.85 white it blinded you on a phone
  // and hid the very gore eruption it was announcing.
  if (G.boomFlash > 0) { ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(255,150,70,${Math.min(1, G.boomFlash / 0.06) * 0.3})`; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H); }
  // took a ranged hit: a red wash from the screen EDGES inward. Deliberately not a full-screen fill —
  // this channel must read as "you are bleeding", not as "something exploded" (that is boomFlash).
  if (G.hurtFlash > 0) {
    const a = Math.min(1, G.hurtFlash / 0.3) * 0.55, b = 26;
    ctx.fillStyle = `rgba(150,10,14,${a.toFixed(3)})`;
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, b); ctx.fillRect(0, H - b, W, b);
    ctx.fillRect(0, 0, b, H); ctx.fillRect(W - b, 0, b, H);
  }

  // HUD — Wimbledon manual scoreboard as a 16-bit panel: bevelled bottle-green box (light
  // top/left, dark bottom/right), a purple club spine, cream serif names, and the LIVE game
  // sunk into a recessed slot — purple for the server, gold digits. Splatter adds a recessed
  // status well (kills-to-next-point pips + weapon stock). Hard edges, no radius = retro.
  const splat = G.mode !== 'tennis';
  const bd = { face: '#1e5b3a', hi: '#3f9560', lo: '#0e3624', slot: '#0b2b1c', slotSvr: '#2b1a46',
    spine: '#472a70', spineHi: '#5f3d94', cream: '#f2ead6', dim: '#89a08f', gold: UI.pick, engHi: '#2c7a4f' };
  const R = (x, y, w, h, c) => { ctx.fillStyle = c; ctx.fillRect(x, y, w, h); };
  const ptTxt = i => score.pts[0] >= 3 && score.pts[1] >= 3
    ? (score.pts[i] === score.pts[1 - i] ? '40' : score.pts[i] > score.pts[1 - i] ? 'AD' : '40')
    : ['0', '15', '30', '40'][Math.min(score.pts[i], 3)];
  ctx.save(); ctx.translate(6, 6);
  const bW = 150, bH = 42; // fixed: keeps the ornate PNG undistorted (art is 300x84 = 150x42)
  if (SPR.scoreboard) ctx.drawImage(SPR.scoreboard, 0, 0, bW, bH);                 // generated ornate board backdrop
  else {                                                                          // code-drawn fallback until the PNG loads
    R(0, 0, bW, bH, bd.face);
    R(0, 0, bW, 1, bd.hi); R(0, 0, 1, bH, bd.hi);
    R(0, bH - 1, bW, 1, bd.lo); R(bW - 1, 0, 1, bH, bd.lo);
    R(1, 1, 5, bH - 2, bd.spine); R(1, 1, 5, 1, bd.spineHi); R(6, 1, 1, bH - 2, bd.lo);
  }
  // live text laid straight onto the art's own regions (spine ~x14, two rows, right slot ~x105-147),
  // Silkscreen pixel font — no code-drawn slots or bevels painted on top of the art.
  ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
  const names = splat ? ['YOU', 'THEM'] : ['YOU', 'CPU'];
  for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
    const cy = 12 + i * 18, svr = (score.server === 'P') === (i === 0);           // rows aligned to the art's two bands
    if (svr) { ctx.fillStyle = bd.gold; ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(11, cy, 1.8, 0, 7); ctx.fill(); } // server pip on the purple spine
    ctx.textAlign = 'left'; ctx.font = F(8, svr); ctx.fillStyle = svr ? bd.cream : bd.dim;
    ctx.fillText(names[i], 18, cy);
    ctx.textAlign = 'center';
    if (splat) { ctx.font = F(8, 0); ctx.fillStyle = bd.dim; ctx.fillText(String(G.sets[i]), 74, cy); } // sets
    ctx.font = F(8); ctx.fillStyle = bd.cream; ctx.fillText(String(score.games[i]), 90, cy);            // games
    ctx.font = F(8); ctx.fillStyle = svr ? bd.gold : bd.cream; ctx.fillText(ptTxt(i), 126, cy);         // points, in the art's slot
  }
  if (splat) { // which game you're in, permanently — the 1.1s GAME N flash was the only place it showed
    ctx.textAlign = 'right'; ctx.font = F(6, 0); ctx.fillStyle = bd.dim;
    ctx.fillText('GAME ' + (G.runGames + 1), bW, bH + 7);
  }
  if (splat && TUNE.killPips && TUNE.killsPerPoint > 1) { // kills-to-next-point pips, just under the board — no box
    ctx.textAlign = 'left'; ctx.font = F(6, 0); ctx.fillStyle = bd.dim; ctx.fillText('NEXT', 2, bH + 7);
    for (let k = 0; k < TUNE.killsPerPoint; k++) {
      ctx.beginPath(); ctx.arc(32 + k * 8, bH + 7, 2.4, 0, 7);
      if (k < G.killCount) { ctx.fillStyle = bd.gold; ctx.fill(); }
      else { ctx.strokeStyle = '#5a6a5a'; ctx.lineWidth = 1; ctx.stroke(); }
    }
  }
  ctx.restore();
  ctx.textBaseline = 'top'; ctx.textAlign = 'center';
  if (G.mode === 'splatter' && !G.interlude) drawRack(); // courtside weapon rack (hidden during the tennis-rules duel)
  // phase C: the summary fades UP over the death animation instead of cutting on top of it
  if (G.mode === 'eaten' && G.eatenT > EATEN_SUMMARY) {
    const fade = Math.min(1, (G.eatenT - EATEN_SUMMARY) / 0.6);
    ctx.save(); ctx.globalAlpha = fade;
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(10,4,6,0.72)'; ctx.fillRect(0, 0, W, H);
    ctx.fillStyle = UI.bad; ctx.font = F(14);
    ctx.fillText('GAME, SET, MASSACRE.', W / 2, H / 2 - 40);
    ctx.fillStyle = UI.cream; ctx.font = F(9);
    ctx.fillText('SURVIVED ' + G.runGames + ' GAMES · ' + G.sets[0] + ' SETS', W / 2, H / 2 - 14);
    if (G.newBest) { // a fresh record crows; otherwise show the mark to beat
      const pulse = 0.55 + 0.45 * Math.abs(Math.sin(G.eatenT * 4));
      ctx.fillStyle = hexA(UI.warm, pulse); ctx.font = F(10);
      ctx.fillText('★ NEW BEST ★', W / 2, H / 2 + 4);
    } else if (G.best && G.best.games > 0) {
      ctx.fillStyle = UI.dim; ctx.font = F(8);
      ctx.fillText('BEST  ' + G.best.games + ' GAMES · ' + G.best.sets + ' SETS', W / 2, H / 2 + 4);
    }
    // gated well past the animation so a panic tap can't skip it (main.js gates the restart the same)
    if (G.eatenT > EATEN_RESTART) { ctx.fillStyle = UI.warm; ctx.font = F(8); ctx.fillText('TAP TO PLAY AGAIN', W / 2, H / 2 + 26); }
    ctx.restore();
  }
  // Timed freezes swallow every input until they run out, which reads as the game having hung
  // ("sometimes the controls just feel frozen"). Show the clock instead of hiding it. A modal is
  // excluded on purpose — that one waits for YOU, and says so.
  // 'transition' is excluded: startTransition parks overT at 9999 to hold the point flow while its
  // own scripted timeline runs, and counting that down read as "resuming in 9999".
  const waitT = G.modal || G.mode === 'eaten' || G.mode === 'transition' ? 0
    : Math.max(G.changeover > 0 ? G.changeover : 0,
               G.phase === 'over' ? G.overT : 0,
               G.interlude ? G.interlude.introT : 0);
  if (waitT > 0.5) {
    // Kept clear of the ad strip — centred on H alone it landed right on the boards, which is the
    // busiest band on the screen. The strip's own projected line is the ceiling, so it stays legible
    // whatever the phone's height does to the layout. A 1px shadow, not a box, carries it over the crowd.
    const txt = 'RESUMING IN ' + Math.ceil(waitT);
    const y = Math.min(Math.round(H * 0.34), Math.round(proj(0, 0, -6).y) - AD_H - 16);
    ctx.font = F(10);
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.55)'; ctx.fillText(txt, W / 2 + 1, y + 1);
    ctx.fillStyle = hexA(UI.warm, 0.92); ctx.fillText(txt, W / 2, y);
  }
  if (G.phase === 'pretoss' && score.server === 'P' && G.mode !== 'eaten' && !G.horde && !(G.mgT > 0) && !G.aim && waitT <= 0.5) { // while pulling, the draw meter owns this slot
    ctx.fillStyle = UI.warm; ctx.font = F(8);
    const touch = IS_TOUCH, switchHint = touch ? 'TAP THE RACK TO SWITCH' : '1-5 TO SWITCH';
    const sel = ['PLAIN', 'BOMB', 'TRIPLE', 'FIRE', 'GUN'][G.weapon];
    const txt = G.mode === 'splatter'
      ? (G.weapon === 4 ? (touch ? 'TAP TO UNLOAD THE GUN' : 'SPACE UNLOADS THE GUN')
        : G.aim ? 'PULL BACK: FURTHER = HARDER'
        : G.weapon > 0 ? `SERVE FIRES: ${sel} · ${switchHint}`
        : touch ? 'PULL BACK TO AIM · RELEASE TO FIRE' : 'DRAG BACK TO AIM · SPACE SERVES')
      : G.serveNum === 2 ? (touch ? 'SECOND SERVE — TAP' : 'SECOND SERVE — SPACE')
        : (touch ? 'TAP TO TOSS, TAP TO SERVE' : 'SPACE TO TOSS, SPACE TO SERVE');
    ctx.fillText(txt, W / 2, METER_Y()); // same slot the draw meter uses
    // and after a beat of inaction, show the gesture instead of only naming it
    if (G.mode === 'splatter' && !G.interlude && G.weapon !== 4 && G.idleHintT > TUNE.pullHintAfter) drawPullHint();
  }
  if (G.flash) {
    ctx.font = F(12); ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
    ctx.fillText(G.flash.text, W / 2, 60 + Math.sin(G.flash.t * 20) * 1);
  }
  // the SET milestone card (the duel's own announcement is a real modal now, not a timed card)
  if (G.card && G.card.t > 0)
    drawCard(G.card.title, G.card.sub1, G.card.sub2, G.card.color);
  if (TUNE.missHud && G.lastMiss && G.idleT - G.lastMiss.at < 3.5) { // last miss reason, live
    ctx.font = F(8); ctx.fillStyle = '#ff9060';
    ctx.fillText(G.lastMiss.text.toUpperCase(), W / 2, H - 28);
  }
  if (G.logShow) { // scoreboard tap: recent swing diagnostics, screenshot-friendly
    const list = G.missLog.slice(-9), lh = 10, top = 40;
    ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(8,10,16,0.88)'; ctx.fillRect(6, top, W - 12, list.length * lh + 16);
    ctx.font = F(7, 0); ctx.textAlign = 'left';
    ctx.fillStyle = UI.dim; ctx.fillText('SWING LOG — tap scoreboard to hide', 10, top + 5);
    const maxCh = Math.floor((W - 20) / 4.3);
    list.forEach((e, i) => {
      ctx.fillStyle = e.result === 'HIT' ? '#7fd07f' : '#ff9060';
      ctx.fillText((e.at + 's ' + e.result + ' ' + e.reason).slice(0, maxCh), 10, top + 16 + i * lh);
    });
  }
  if (G.modal) drawModal(G.modal); // last: it is a wall, nothing draws over it
  ctx.textAlign = 'left';
}