splatter-tennis/server.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""The whole backend: static files plus a two-route high-score API, on the standard library.

It replaced the nginx image because the leaderboard needs ONE writable process and nginx is not
one. Everything nginx was doing here is four lines of headers, so a second container (and a second
Coolify resource, and a proxy rule) would have bought separation we have no use for at this size.

  GET  /api/scores        -> {"scores": [{"n","k","g","t"}, ...]}   best first
  POST /api/scores        <- {"n","k","g"}   -> {"ok", "rank", "scores"}

Scores live in ONE json file under SPLAT_DATA (default /data, which must be a persistent volume —
anything written inside the container image is gone on the next deploy). There is no auth: the
board is a wall for writing your name on, and the client is public JS that could be made to post
anything regardless. What IS enforced is that nothing here can be made to crash, hang or grow
without bound by a hostile request — see clean() and the caps below.
"""
import json, os, re, threading, time
from http.server import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, ThreadingHTTPServer

HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
DATA = os.environ.get('SPLAT_DATA') or ('/data' if os.path.isdir('/data') else HERE)
FILE = os.path.join(DATA, 'scores.json')
PORT = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 80))

KEEP = 200          # rows kept on disk; the board only ever shows the top slice of this
MAX_BODY = 2048     # a submission is ~60 bytes. Anything larger is not one.
NAME_MAX = 12
lock = threading.Lock()


def load():
    try:
        with open(FILE) as f:
            rows = json.load(f)
        return rows if isinstance(rows, list) else []
    except (OSError, ValueError):
        return []                        # missing, empty or corrupt — an empty board, never a 500


def save(rows):
    os.makedirs(DATA, exist_ok=True)
    tmp = FILE + '.tmp'                  # write-then-rename: a torn file here is a wiped leaderboard
    with open(tmp, 'w') as f:
        json.dump(rows, f)
    os.replace(tmp, FILE)


def clean(payload):
    """A submission, or None. Every field is re-derived — nothing from the request reaches the file
    unexamined, because that file is read back and rendered into the page."""
    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
        return None
    name = re.sub(r'[^A-Z0-9 ._-]', '', str(payload.get('n', '')).upper()).strip()[:NAME_MAX]
    if not name:
        return None
    try:
        kills, games = int(payload['k']), int(payload['g'])
    except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError):
        return None
    if not (0 <= kills <= 1_000_000 and 0 <= games <= 10_000):
        return None                      # bounds keep the sort honest and the column narrow
    who = re.sub(r'[^a-z0-9]', '', str(payload.get('id', '')))[:40]
    return {'n': name, 'k': kills, 'g': games, 't': int(time.time()), 'id': who}


def public(rows):
    """The board as anyone may see it. `id` is the ONLY thing standing between a player and someone
    else typing their name, so it must never leave the server."""
    return [{k: v for k, v in r.items() if k != 'id'} for r in rows[:100]]


def rank_of(rows, name):
    return next((i + 1 for i, r in enumerate(rows) if r.get('n') == name), len(rows))


class Handler(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
    def __init__(self, *a, **kw):
        super().__init__(*a, directory=HERE, **kw)

    def log_message(self, *a):
        pass                             # one line per sprite request is not a log, it is noise

    # ---- the API ----
    def reply(self, code, obj):
        body = json.dumps(obj).encode()
        self.send_response(code)
        self.send_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(body)))
        self.send_header('Cache-Control', 'no-store')
        self.end_headers()
        self.wfile.write(body)

    def do_GET(self):
        path = self.path.split('?')[0]
        if path == '/api/scores':
            with lock:
                return self.reply(200, {'scores': public(load())})
        # Don't hand out the source. Nothing secret lives in it — the .env is not in the image and
        # the client is public JS regardless — but serving server.py and the asset-pipeline scripts
        # to anyone who guesses the name is untidy, and it publishes the exact validation rules.
        if path.endswith(('.py', '.pyc')) or '__pycache__' in path:
            return self.send_error(404)
        return super().do_GET()

    def do_POST(self):
        if self.path.split('?')[0] != '/api/scores':
            return self.send_error(404)
        try:
            n = int(self.headers.get('Content-Length') or 0)
        except ValueError:
            return self.reply(400, {'error': 'bad length'})
        if not 0 < n <= MAX_BODY:
            return self.reply(400, {'error': 'bad length'})
        try:
            row = clean(json.loads(self.rfile.read(n)))
        except ValueError:
            row = None
        if not row:
            return self.reply(400, {'error': 'bad score'})
        with lock:
            rows = load()
            mine = [r for r in rows if r.get('n') == row['n']]
            # A NAME BELONGS TO WHOEVER TOOK IT FIRST. The client mints a random id once and keeps
            # it; the row remembers it, and a submission under someone else's name with a different
            # id is refused. That is the whole of the "security" here — enough that a stranger
            # cannot overwrite your row, and not one line more. Clear your browser storage and you
            # lose the name, which is the honest cost of having no accounts.
            if mine and mine[0].get('id') and mine[0]['id'] != row['id']:
                return self.reply(409, {'error': 'name taken'})
            # EXACTLY ONE ROW PER NAME, their best. Without this the board is one player's session:
            # every personal best posts again and a good run buries everyone else under itself.
            # The client only posts on a personal best, but its idea of "best" is per-device — the
            # same player on a second phone starts from zero and posts worse runs, so a weaker
            # submission has to be dropped HERE rather than merely not sorted to the top.
            if row['k'] > max((r.get('k', 0) for r in mine), default=-1):
                rows = [r for r in rows if r.get('n') != row['n']]
                rows.append(row)
                rows.sort(key=lambda r: (-r.get('k', 0), -r.get('g', 0), r.get('t', 0)))
                rows = rows[:KEEP]
                save(rows)
            return self.reply(200, {'ok': True, 'rank': rank_of(rows, row['n']), 'scores': public(rows)})

    # ---- static, with the headers the nginx conf used to set ----
    def end_headers(self):
        if self.path.startswith('/api/'):
            pass                         # reply() sets its own no-store
        elif self.path.startswith('/assets/'):
            # THE COLD-START FIX. no-cache here meant ~230 sprites, three fonts and the audio were
            # REVALIDATED on every launch — 230 round trips before the game had a full set of
            # frames, on a phone, sometimes over a connection that dropped a few. That is why the
            # fonts arrived late and the stats screen showed gaps. A ?v= URL can be cached forever
            # because changing the file changes the URL (see SPRV in render.js); anything
            # unversioned gets a day, so a replaced logo or icon still lands without a year of
            # staleness. The HTML and JS stay no-cache — that is what makes a deploy visible.
            self.send_header('Cache-Control', 'public, max-age=31536000, immutable'
                             if '?v=' in self.path else 'public, max-age=86400')
        else:
            self.send_header('Cache-Control', 'no-cache, must-revalidate')
        super().end_headers()

    def guess_type(self, path):
        # Chrome refuses to install a homescreen app whose manifest arrives as octet-stream, and
        # mimetypes has no .webmanifest entry.
        if path.endswith('.webmanifest'):
            return 'application/manifest+json'
        return super().guess_type(path)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(f'splatter-tennis on :{PORT}, scores in {FILE}', flush=True)
    ThreadingHTTPServer(('', PORT), Handler).serve_forever()